DIRECT ACTION:
- legal e.g. organised demonstrations agreed with police beforehand -> non-violent
- illegal e.g. breaking into a lab to release animals

DEFINING CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
- type of illegal direct action
- rawls' definition: public, non-violent, conscientious (yet political) breach of the law, with the aim of bringing about a change in laws or government policy
1) public - motives communicated with rest of society
HOWEVER not all acts of CD should be public, e.g. releasing lab animals would prevent act from working
2) non-violent - may not be justified, but can still count as CD
- some violence may not be justified but is necessary: e.g. small amounts of violence with a proper moral focus in mind
- big amounts of violence with no particular aim in mind = more like rioting -> not considered C.D.
3) breach of the law
- CD is always illegal
- in liberal democracies the act of CD itself isn't punished but the crime committed in the act e.g. trespassing
4) conscientious yet political
- a belief in what is being protested -> genuinely believe it is damaging to society
- trying to actually change the law
- e.g. suffragettes to get women's vote + MLK civil rights movement
HOWEVER, rawls places emphasis on CD being political, however, this ignores CD towards social institutions such as companies + universities